ABSTRACT
Due to improper management, industrialization and urbanization resulted in poorer surface and river water quality flowing through the city. Still, complete lockdown in the country resulted in improved surface water quality. Hence, a study has been performed to analyze these changes held during COVID-19 lockdown using a combination of different parameters derived from spatial data. The study includes analyses of significant water bodies, surface water bodies through out the city;the survey has proven that the lockdown situation that occurred due to the pandemic has resulted in improved water quality which has been determined based on water bodies analysis done for 12 major water bodies, and by the study performed it has been observed that the area of the nonturbid water has increased by 0.148 sq. km after the lockdown situation occurred. The study will be helpful to assess the impacts of lockdown on water bodies to take the sustainable measures which can be taken shortly for the improved regulation of pollutants and other contaminants based on positive effects on the surface water quality. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: An increased risk of thrombotic or cerebrovascular complications has been documented in patients with acute COVID-19. It is not yet known if an increased risk of stroke is true for patients in long-term recovery from severe hospitalised COVID-19. This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to assess the onset of cerebrovascular events (including stroke) in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome ≥4 weeks following hospitalisation for severe COVID-19 infection. Methods: Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane were searched from January 2020 to June 2021 to identify relevant clinical studies reporting the incidence of post-discharge cerebrovascular events following a severe COVID-19 infection. Supplementary sources including conferences, reference lists and key organisation websites were scanned. The SLR was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. Results: A total of four studies were included from 3,789 identified articles. Two studies were conducted in the USA, one in Ukraine and one in Iran. Three studies had a short follow-up period and were conducted between February 2020 to May 2020;while one study reported data up to January 2021. Post-discharge timepoints ranged from 30 to 90 days. The incidence of stroke varied across the studies, ranging from 0.45% to 11.5%. Unsurprisingly, the study with the longest follow-up period reported the highest incidence of cerebrovascular events. Considering that limited data is available till date for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, newly published findings (via hand searching) from ongoing studies may be further included to minimise the paucity of evidence currently available. Conclusions: Despite the large number of peer-reviewed articles associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, there is limited published evidence demonstrating the incidence of stroke in patients who have recovered from severe COVID-19. Several studies are ongoing, and much-needed evidence is awaited from longitudinal studies that may document the risk of stroke in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.
ABSTRACT
The 2019-2020 coronavirus is a progressing pandemic disease spreading worldwide. The outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the occurrence to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020, and recognized it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This review article describes and suggests the various tips and precautionary measures urged by the WHO and other health-care centers so that one ought to follow and help the nation to break its chain and reduce it spread in future. © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.